• 查看每次git 提交历史 git log
• 恢复到某个版本 git reset –hard [此版本号编号]
• 恢复到上次提交 git reset –hard HEAD^ 上上次为 HEAD^^ 多次为 HEAD~num
• 恢复到之前版本后git log 不再显示恢复到的版本之后的提交情况 可使用 git reflog 查看全部更新历史

  打标签

• git tag [tag-name]在当前分支最后一次提交打标签打标签
• git tag [tag-name] [commit-id] 在某次提交da'biao'qian
• 创建带有说明的标签 git tag -a [tag-name] -m [message] [commit-id]
• 推送到远程 git push [origin] [tag-name]
• 删除本地标签 git tag -d [tag-name]
• 推送所有未推送标签 git push [origin] – tags
• 删除远程标签 git tag -d [tag-name] git push origin :refs/tags/v0.9
• git命令起别名 git config –global alias.co checkout缩短输入长度

瘦箭头 ->用于 function创建

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$("#login").click ->
  alert("ca")

胖箭头=>把 this作为参数代入function 在function中使用this 为外部定义function的this，起到作用域转移的作用

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user_id="nidaye"
ele.addEventListener "click",(e)=>
  alert(this.user_id)

ruby元编程之eigenclass

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class BasicObject
  def self.eigenclass
    class << self
      self
    end
  end
  def eigenclass
    class << self
      self
    end
  end
end

class A
  def self.haha
    "ah"
  end
end

class B < A
end

#对象eigenclass的superclass就是对象的类
b=B.new
p b.eigenclass.superclass == B
#类的eigenclass的superclass是类超类的eigenclass
p B.eigenclass.superclass == B.superclass.eigenclass

创建一个对象时如果该对象用到某个内部作用域的变量，那么对这个内部作用域创建一个闭包

eg

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function a(){
  var n=0;
  addN=function(){
    n+=1;
    console.log(n);
  };
  return addN;
}
x=a();     //创建一个闭包
x();       //输出1
x();       //输出2
y=a();     //创建另一个闭包
y();       //输出1

rails 安装 rspec - gem ‘rspec-rails’

创建rspec配置文件 - rails g rspec:install

should与should_not - 对象如有valid?之类的方法，test可这么写model.should be_valid或model.should_not be_valid - model.should == xx 等同 model.should eq xx

expect - expect(model).to eq some_thing

let与before - let与before(:each)的一个区别是before可以初始化变量,let不能before可以这样

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before(:each) do
    king="亚历山大"
end

• before(:each) 每个测试相互独立，分别调用这个
• before(:all)只调用这个一次
• let可用于定义变量，如下，在测试用例中可使用 king_of_zombie变量

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  let(:king_of_zombie) do
    "邓肯"
  end

Load RSpec 2.x support by adding the following line (typically to your spec_helper.rb file): require ‘capybara/rspec’ If you are using Rails, put your Capybara specs in spec/features. If you are not using Rails, tag all the example groups in which you want to use Capybara with :type => :feature. You can now write your specs like so: describe “the signin process”, :type => :feature do before :each do User.make(:email => ‘user@example.com’, :password => ‘caplin’) end

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  it "signs me in" do
    visit '/sessions/new'
    within("#session") do
      fill_in 'Login', :with => 'user@example.com'
      fill_in 'Password', :with => 'password'
    end
    click_link 'Sign in'
    expect(page).to have_content 'Success'
  end
end

http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-rails/file/Capybara.md https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails

Many users have been confused by the co-existence of the the Capybara::DSL (visit/page) alongside the rack-test DSL (get|post|put|delete|head/response.body) in examples in spec/requests and spec/controllers. As of rspec-rails-2.11.1 and capybara-2.0.0.beta2, these are separated as follows:

Capybara::DSL is included - spec/features

rack-test DSL is included in - spec/requests and spec/controllers

Capybara::RSpecMatchers is added to examples in: - spec/features - spec/controllers - spec/views - spec/helpers - spec/mailers

2012年6月,Rspec开发团队宣布,在v2.11中使用了新句法 来替代传统的should式句法,如

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it "is true when true" do
 true.should be_true
end

新句法会把要测试的值传递给 expect() 方法,然后和匹配器比较:

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it "is true when true" do
 expect(true).to be_true
end

当有多个it “xxxx” do end 而测试的主题一致时， 可用

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subject{@object}
it { should eq xx}
it { should have_content("cccc")}